What is the Difference Between Moles and Freckles?

Have you ever noticed a small, dark spot on your skin and wondered if it is a mole or a freckle? Both are common, but have distinct characteristics, causes and potential health implications. Understanding the differences between moles and freckles can help you identify anything concerning and know when to seek the expertise of a dermatology provider.

Moles vs. Freckles

Moles and freckles are both small spots that appear on the skin, but they form due to different factors. While freckles are typically harmless and a result of sun exposure, moles can sometimes be associated with skin conditions that may require more attention.

What is a Mole?

A mole, also called a beauty mark or a nevus, is a small growth on the skin that can range in color from pink to dark brown or black. Moles occur when skin cells called melanocytes grow in clusters or clumps instead of being spread throughout the skin. These melanocytes are responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin, hair, and eyes their color.

Moles can vary in size, shape, and appearance. Some are flat, while others are raised, and they can have smooth or uneven borders. Most people have between 10 and 40 moles on their body, which can appear anywhere on the skin. New moles often develop during childhood and adolescence, and they may continue to form up to the age of 30 and sometimes beyond. Moles are usually harmless, but in some cases, they can develop into skin cancer, particularly melanoma, which is why it’s important to monitor them for changes.

What is a Freckle?

A freckle, or ephelis, is a small, flat, brown or tan spot that usually appears on areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun. Freckles are more common in individuals with lighter skin tones, especially those who have red or blonde hair. Unlike moles, freckles are not caused by a growth of melanocytes; rather, they are the result of an increase in melanin production. When the skin is exposed to UV rays, it triggers the production of melanin, which causes the freckles to darken.

Freckles are typically harmless and do not pose any health risks. They often become more prominent in the summer months when sun exposure is higher and fade or disappear during the winter when there is less sun. Freckles are most common in children and adolescents, and many individuals will experience a decrease in freckle visibility as they age.

What Causes Moles and Freckles?

Both moles and freckles are caused by the body’s response to sunlight, genetics, and sometimes other factors. However, the specific causes differ slightly:

• Moles: The cause of moles is largely genetic. If your parents had moles, it’s likely you will have them as well. They form when melanocytes in the skin grow in clusters. Sun exposure can also play a role in the development of new moles, but it is less significant than genetic factors.
• Freckles: Freckles are primarily caused by sun exposure, especially ultraviolet (UV) light. UV rays trigger the melanocytes in the skin to produce more melanin, which results in freckles. For people with a genetic predisposition (those with lighter skin types), their skin will produce more melanin in response to sun exposure, causing the freckles to darken or become more prominent.

How to Tell the Difference Between Moles and Freckles

Although both moles and freckles appear as small spots on the skin, there are several key differences that can help you tell them apart:

• Size and Shape: Moles can be larger, sometimes growing to the size of a pencil eraser or larger and may be raised. Freckles are usually small, flat, and uniform in shape, often only visible on areas that have been exposed to the sun.
• Color: Moles can range in color from light brown to dark brown or even black. They may also have different shades within the same mole. Freckles are generally light brown or tan and tend to be more uniform in color.
• Location: Moles can appear anywhere on the body, although they tend to be more common on areas that have been exposed to the sun (like the face, arms, and chest). Freckles are most often found on areas that are directly exposed to sunlight, such as the face, arms, shoulders, and the back of the hands.
• Changes Over Time: Moles can change in size, shape, and color over time. This is normal for many people, but significant changes, such as an irregular border or an increase in size, may indicate a need for a dermatology evaluation. Freckles typically do not change in size or shape. They may become more prominent with sun exposure, but they generally remain stable over time.
• Symmetry: Moles are often symmetrical, although they can be irregular. Changes in symmetry may be a red flag for potential skin conditions, such as melanoma. Freckles are generally symmetrical and uniform.

When to See a Dermatologist for Moles and Freckles

While most moles and freckles are harmless, there are instances when seeking the advice of a dermatology provider is necessary. Below are some signs to watch for:

For Moles:

• The mole changes in size, shape, or color.
• The borders of the mole become irregular or jagged.
• The mole itches, bleeds, or starts to feel painful.
• The mole appears after the age of 30.
• These could be signs of melanoma, a type of skin cancer, which requires immediate attention from a dermatology professional.

For Freckles:

• Freckles that appear suddenly or change in size and color should be monitored.
• Freckles that appear in places where they weren’t previously visible or look different from other freckles.

If you notice any of these changes, it’s essential to make an appointment with a dermatology specialist for evaluation and to determine if treatment, such as mole removal, is necessary.

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Skin Checks at Schweiger Dermatology Group

At Schweiger Dermatology Group, we recommend annual skin checks for optimal skin health and stress the importance of seeing a dermatology specialist if you notice a change in your skin related to moles, freckles or anything else. Schedule online or call 844-DERM-DOC to make an appointment.