Adult-Onset Allergies: Why Your Body May Suddenly React

It’s a common misconception that allergies only begin in childhood. While allergies often first appear early in life, many adults are surprised to develop new allergies later on. Known as adult-onset allergies, this phenomenon can be disruptive, confusing, and, at times, alarming. Understanding the causes, common triggers and management strategies can help you identify and address these unexpected allergic reactions.

What Causes Adult-Onset Allergies?

The exact cause of adult-onset allergies is not fully understood, but several factors may play a role:

• Immune System Changes: As we age, changes in our immune system can make it more sensitive to allergens we’ve tolerated in the past.
• Increased Exposure: New environments, foods or workplaces may expose you to allergens they haven’t encountered before, triggering a reaction.
• Environmental Factors: Pollution, climate change and other environmental shifts can influence the development of allergies.
• Genetics: If allergies run in your family, you may be predisposed to develop them at any point in your life.

According to Dr. Saira Zafar, a board-certified allergist and immunologist at Schweiger Dermatology & Allergy in New Jersey, “It’s not uncommon for adults to develop allergies later in life. Sometimes, the immune system becomes overactive when exposed to new allergens or changing environments, leading to symptoms we don’t typically expect in adulthood.”

Common Allergies That Appear in Adulthood

While adult-onset allergies can develop to any substance, certain types are more commonly seen in adults:

• Food Allergies: Adults may suddenly develop allergies to foods such as tree nuts, shellfish or certain fruits.
• Drug Allergies: New or increased exposure to medications, including antibiotics or pain relievers, can cause allergic reactions.
• Latex Allergies: Sensitivity to latex often arises in adults with increased exposure, such as healthcare workers or those in manufacturing.
• Environmental Allergies: Seasonal allergies (hay fever), mold, pet dander and dust mites can develop or worsen in adulthood.

Of all the possible causes, “food allergies, particularly to shellfish or tree nuts, are some of the most common in adult-onset cases,” notes Dr. Zafar. “This can be surprising for individuals who have consumed these foods without issue for years.”

Recognizing Symptoms of Adult-Onset Allergies

Symptoms of adult-onset allergies can vary based on the allergen but often include:

• Hives, itchy rashes or eczema.
• Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath or nasal congestion.
• Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or diarrhea (common with food allergies).
• Itchy, red or watery eyes.

“If you notice new or worsening symptoms like persistent nasal congestion, skin irritation or digestive discomfort, don’t ignore them,” advises Dr. Zafar. “Allergies can appear at any time, and timely diagnosis is essential for effective management.”

How to Manage Adult-Onset Allergies

If you suspect you have developed a new allergy, here are steps to effectively manage it:

1. Consult an Allergist: An allergist can perform tests to identify specific triggers and recommend personalized treatment options.
2. Medications: Over-the-counter or prescription antihistamines, nasal sprays and other medications can help relieve symptoms.
3. Immunotherapy (allergy shots): This long-term treatment desensitizes your immune system to specific allergens, reducing the severity of allergic reactions.
4. Avoid Triggers: Identify and minimize exposure to allergens, whether it’s certain foods, pets or environmental irritants.

Dr. Zafar emphasizes, “Allergy management goes beyond avoiding triggers. Treatments like immunotherapy can help retrain your immune system and reduce your sensitivity to allergens over time.”

Take Control of Adult-Onset Allergies

Developing allergies as an adult can feel unexpected, but with proper diagnosis and treatment, symptoms can be managed effectively. By recognizing the warning signs and consulting an allergist, you can take steps to improve your quality of life and avoid potentially severe reactions. “Allergies don’t have to disrupt your life. With the right care and a tailored treatment plan, adults can successfully manage their symptoms and feel confident in their day-to-day activities.”

Saira Zafar, MD is a double board-certified and fellowship-trained allergist and immunologist. She believes the key to delivering effective care is shared decision making and an open dialogue with her patients. She sees both adult and pediatric patients. Her clinical interests include food allergies, asthma and allergic skin conditions.